Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essays

Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essays Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essay Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essay who live independently. Jack Murray was a receptive child. He was raised by guardians who were detached about his supportive position and has neer demonstrated any demeanor to follow his natural guardians. Jack has liquor related employments and is inclined towards household power. Evelyn has been harmed and that too much harshly, in the ongoing days of old. Lora is making acceptable in school and is thought about by Doris, who is in any case going slight. She must be set in an exigency Foster consideration condition throughout her late spring get-aways, even as her female parent made utilization of a grown-up females s safe house to escape the difficulties of her place. Doris stresses over being isolated from her granddaughter and family if she somehow happened to make a trip to a consideration place. All family unit individuals have communicated their ability to work with a cultural laborer. Use of Theories of Human Development Erik Erikson s hypothesis of human improvement was principal progressed in 1950 and has been essentially expanded in ulterior mature ages ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 329 ) . Erikson s psychosocial hypothesis areas that life can be isolated into 8 stages from birth to perish, which involve ( a ) diaper days ( birth to year and a half ) , ( B ) youth ( year and a half to 3 mature ages ) , ( degree Celsius ) show age ( 3 to 5 mature ages ) , ( nutrient D ) school age ( 5 to 12 mature ages ) , ( nutrient E ) youthfulness ( 12 to 18 mature ages ) , ( degree Fahrenheit ) juvenile development ( 18 to 35 mature ages ) , ( g ) center development ( 35 to 55 or 65 mature ages ) and ( H ) delinquently development ( 55 or 65 to expire ) ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 329 ) . Each of Erikson s 8 stages includes an emergency that is described by two restricting enthusiastic powers. Earliest stages, for case, includes trust V apprehension and is portrayed by the consideration of the female parent for a child with an emphasize on contact and visual contact ( Christiansen A ; Palkovitz, 1998, p 133 ) . Fruitful entry through this period outcomes in people larning to swear throughout everyday life and to hold affirmation in the great beyond, even as occupations during this period can take to sentiments of uncouthness and second thought ( Christiansen A ; Palkovitz, 1998, p 133 ) . The school age of 6 to 12 mature ages is in like manner described by the contradicting powers of industry and lower status ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 331 ) . People are equipped for obtaining, building and achieving army achievements and discernment during this period, along these lines creating sentiments of industry. This period of advancement can other than take to the encountering of sentiments of lower status and deficiency with equivalents and outcome in occupations of conscience respect and competency ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 331 ) . Erikson s convention remnants on two of import subjects, viz. ( a ) that the universe broadens as individuals come, and ( B ) that disappointment is combined ( Douvan, 1997, p 16 ) . The primary subject is incontestable. While the second is risky, the facts demonstrate that kids who need to perforce exchange with hard fortunes discover it questioning to negociate ulterior stages in their lives in contrasting and others ( Douvan, 1997, p 16 ) . Grouped surveies have uncovered that kids who were non stroked as children think that its difficult to interface with others in their development. Erikson s hypothesis of human advancement has increased expansive belief and is regularly utilized as a model for understanding the idea of issues that lead to current conduct and to fix for the coming stages ( Douvan, 1997, p 16 ) . The investigation of the Murray family unit individuals uncover that Jack Murray could hold experienced inadequacy of stroking in his diaper days, especially up to his acknowledgment at 6 years old months. This could hold brought about settled in sentiments of awkwardness and tendencies to doubt the universe. Such emotions, alongside his experience of turning up as a supportive child, may hold instilled sentiments of low sense of self respect and be causal in his present soaking up employments. While Lora has experienced childhood within the sight of affectionate guardians and a caring grandmother, she is currently come ining the young and the coming 6 mature ages will amplify her contact with the universe, where guardians while still of import will non be the finished governments they have been until perish. The utilization of Erikson s hypothesis of human advancement helps cultural specialists in understanding the different impacts that people involvement with the class of their lives and the elements of such impacts in guiding their present conduct and their enthusiastic and cultural perspectives ( Raeff A ; Benson, 2003, p 61 ) . Bronfenbrenner s natural hypothetical record was chief presented in the mid 1970s. His general environmental hypothetical record is characterized by 2 recommendations ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . The primary recommendation regions that human turn of events, explicitly in the beginning periods however adjacent to all through life, happens through methods that inexorably gotten increasingly perplexing and influence common communication among dynamic and developing universes, who are bio-mental in their assault, and the individuals, items, and images in their prompt condition ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . Such cooperation, when it happens over drawn-out clasp periods, on a normal balance are named as proximal strategies and can be found in exercises among parent and children, children and kids, and solitary or gathering dramatization, each piece great as in perusing, gaining to cognize new achievements and executing mind boggling and hard endeavors ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . The second suggestion areas that the force, substance, signifier and method of these proximal methodology impact advancement in a differing mode on history of the highlights of creating people ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . Such advancement is other than affected by the earth in which such systems take topographic point and the idea of improvement results that are under study. The female parent baby collaboration, ( an of import proximal system ) rises as an of import forecaster of formative outcomes ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . Bronfenbrenner s hypothesis characterizes 4 unique kinds of frameworks, viz. the Micro framework, the Meso framework, the Exo framework and the Macro framework, which shape human improvement ( Austrian, 2002, p 43 ) . The Micro framework includes the family unit, schoolrooms and schools, and different frameworks in the proximal condition in which individuals work. The Meso framework speaks to the collaboration of two small scale frameworks, similar to the association between the spot and the school of a child ( Austrian, 2002, p 43 ) . The Exo framework speaks to the condition that is outer to the experience of a man and in which their commitment is circuitous, yet which impacts improvement, no different. The work environment of the guardians of a child is a significant representation of an Exo framework. The Macro framework speaks to the bigger social setting ( Austrian, 2002, p 43 ) . Bronfenbrenner s hypothesis sees the earth of a child in footings of value and setting and endeavors to elucidate contrasts between the cognizance, advancement and achievements of people through the development, backing and advice of the social orders in which they exist ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . He expresses that collaboration between over lapping eco frameworks influence individuals essentially. Applying Bronfenbrenner s hypothesis to the Murray family unit, it very well may be seen that Lora s family and schoolrooms can be known as the smaller scale frameworks, which straight impact her working and improvement ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . At the point when these two smaller scale frameworks begin cooperating to teach Lora, such guidance happens through the Meso framework. The general public and human advancement where Lora is being raised gives the basic impact to these frameworks and is named the Macro framework. The perception of cooperation of these frameworks helps in understanding the way in which children create and the variables that impact disappointment and achievement ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . Examination of grouped miniaturized scale and full scale frameworks can help cultural specialists essentially in understanding the different impacts that shape the improvement of children. Examination laborers have in certainty explicitly saw the importance of large scale frameworks as causal to general wretchedness and sentiments of low inner self respect in people ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . The use of Bronfenbrenner s hypothesis in the Murray family situation empowers the advancement of more noteworthy misgiving on the impacts of various smaller scale and Macro frameworks on the improvement of Lora in her young and can help cultural laborers to follow suitable mediation strategies. Job of Political and Social Processes on Human Development While there is little vulnerability that the improvement of people is for the most part formed by their place and school situations, sociological hypothesis other than places significant accentuation because of bigger society on such advancement ( Grusec A ; Hastings, 2008, p 42 ) . All people experience childhood in explicit political, social and cultural situations that shape their perspectives and practices and follow up on their improvement in explicit manners. The unconventional social orders wherein individuals live are spot to various sorts of otherworldly, social and cultural perspectives, partialities and convictions ( Grusec A ; Hastings, 2008, p 42 ) . Such political and cultural techniques give people the organizations to participate inside their ain society, which itself contains shared imposts, standards, customs, values and cultural capacities ( Grusec A ; Hastings, 2008, p 42 ) . These techniques are fundamentally deep rooted, get bringing down in adolescence and go o ning till perish. Both Erikson and Bronfenbrenner s hypotheses manage the strategy of socialization however through various positions Such socialization happens through the impact of the family unit, confidence,

The Heroes Curiosity in She and The Sign of Four Essay -- she four

The Heroes Curiosity in She and The Sign of Four The saint can't advance without curiosity.â However, interest can transform into a risky obsession.â There are numerous genuine instances of this all through Victorian literature.â Literary works, for example, She by H. Rider Haggard and The Sign of Four by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, for instance, mirror the inquisitive brain at work utilizing logical investigation to accomplish the objective of comprehending the puzzle, yet endeavoring to tackle the secret stances risks to the heroes that, from the start, they are uninformed of.â The inquisitive psyche, looking for disclosure, in the end observes the perils yet doesn't turn back.â The riddle has become a fixation to the inquisitive brain, and for the inquisitive psyche, fathoming the puzzle has gotten more significant than self-preservation.â However, without the over the top interest and without the threat that follows that interest, there would be no saints in the story and, in this way, no story.â â Â â â â â â â â â â â There is one hugely mainstream figure in Victorian writing that utilizes logical finding to fathom criminal riddles, and his interest to unravel puzzles has become his obsession.â However, he is so cool and far off from his own feelings that he couldn't care less if the fixation prompts his demolition, as long as he explains the secret to pacify his insatiable psyche first.â The main thing that genuinely energizes him in an enthusiastic manner, the one thing that causes any feeling inside his cool disposition, is his interest, which is his habit, for illuminating mysteries.â He is the legend of the story The Sign of Four, and his name, obviously, is Sherlock Holmes. Â â â â â â â â â â â Sherlock Holmes is a character that is certain, perhaps arrogant.â He generally makes it back after the puzzle ... ...help and ensure his embraced son.â These characters, in their apparently frantic fanatical interest, show additionally grit and respectability in revealing mysteries.â They do what they don't just for themselves, however to help others too, and this is the thing that makes them artistic legends and not insignificant protagonists.â Another Victorian character who is likewise determined by interest yet who isn't bold or honorable is Dr. Jekyll.â He was fanatically inquisitive about the duality of good and fiendishness in the human spirit, yet the entirety of his examination was for his narrow minded addition, which finished in his death.â Sherlock Holmes and Ludwig Horace Holly, who on occasion act egotistically, likewise do things unselfishly to help others.â That is the reason they are saints, and that is one reason why they are mainstream to this day.â For their situation, their interest, which transforms into hazardous fixation for them, is worth it.â â

First Days in NYC

First Days in NYC Hi everyone. Im writing this entry from NYC, where I have Internet access at the office but not in my apartment. Its been rough, as you can imagine. (Not to mention my gas stove, which I dont know how to ignite. HELP!) Anyway, Im externing at an economic consulting company, along with 8 other MIT students. Apparently this office has the most MIT externs of any in the entire program NICE. There are freshmen, sophomores, and juniors here, and we come from all sorts of majors Course 2: MechE, Course 6: EECS, Course 14: Econ, Course 16: Aero/Astro, Course 18: Math, etc. The project Im on deals with mutual funds. Since so much of what is done here is litigation-based and strictly confidential, I cant discuss the details. After I left the office yesterday, I met up with some other MIT students who are working as externs on Wall Street, and we had dinner together in the Village (The Village? the village? The village? And was it east or west? East Village sounds right, but I remember going West to get there. GAHHH). We all got off from work pretty late, but decided to celebrate our first day on our jobs by going out to a restaurant in our work clothes. Along with another fifty thousand people in this city. Ill try to find out what else I can tell you about my job; if I am capped at this amount of information, Ill try to get some other MIT externs to write about what theyre researching, so youll get some idea of what we do here. Ciao! ========================================== THE NERA WEEKLY :: 05.JAN.2006 ========================================== Dear NERA Weekly Subscriber, Welcome to The NERA Weekly, our complimentary newsletter detailing the latest publications, events, and client case/project work featured on our website each week. We hope you enjoy it and share items of interest with your friends and colleagues. For more of our latest thinking, please visit us at http://www.nera.com. ========================================== NERA Analysis Cited in Congressional Budget Office Confirmation of Original FAIR Act Claims Cost Estimate ========================================== Following a detailed analysis, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has concluded that a Bates White report projecting substantially higher potential costs of claims against a proposed national asbestos trust fund contains no new information that would cause the CBO to revise its own cost estimate. Experts from NERA Economic Consulting provided the CBO with details of their evaluation of the report, and testified during a related Senate hearing in November 2005. The proposed Fairness in Asbestos Injury Resolution (FAIR) Act would establish a $140 billion trust fund to compensate victims of asbestos exposure and, in theory, end hundreds of thousands of asbestos injury lawsuits. However, the Bates White report had suggested that the cost of claims could be between $300 billion and $695 billion. In reaffirming its findings, the CBO cited NERAs analysis and echoed other themes of NERAs Senate testimony. Learn more: http://www.nera.com/PressRelease.asp?pr_ID=2698. ========================================== OUR LATEST THINKING ========================================== It Matters Which Way You Slice It: Risk Management for the 2005 Procurement Auction of Italys Acquirente Unico The Acquirente Unico (AU), the single buyer in Italy responsible for supplying energy to retail consumers who are not eligible for competitive supply, asked NERA to assist in the development and implementation of mechanisms for risk-covering within its electricity purchasing strategy for 2005. In this article from The Electricity Journal, NERA Senior Consultant Hamish Fraser and AU Portfolio Optimization Manager Salvatore Lanza discuss key risk management considerations concerning the 2005 procurement. The authors analyze the risk characteristics of three approaches, and conclude that the most appropriate contract form for the AU would be a one-way CfD (contract for differences) arrangement in which an energy producer will receive a fixed price for capacity, less an adjustment factor to cover the difference between the actual market price of the energy at the time it is delivered and an agreed-upon fixed energy price. The authors also analyze the most appropriate parameters for and quantities of these contracts. Learn more: http://www.nera.com/publication.asp?p_ID=2697. New IRS Service Fee Regulations: The US Will Go First, Other Countries Will Be Forced to Follow In 2003, the US Internal Revenue Service (IRS) introduced long-awaited proposed regulations on controlled services and intangibles that are to be finalized before the end of the second quarter of 2006. In this article from Practical US/International Tax Strategies, NERA Vice President Dr. Stuart Harshbarger discusses the proposed changes to existing guidance as well as the steady stream of criticism from practitioners, attorneys, and pundits regarding numerous perceived deficiencies and potential perverse outcomes of the proposed regulations should they be implemented in their current form. Dr. Harshbarger argues that although much of the criticism does raise valid concerns, the IRS is adapting appropriately to the changing composition of US international trade flows, and that many other industrialized countries will soon be forced to follow the IRS lead. Learn more: http://www.nera.com/publication.asp?p_ID=2696. Economic Instruments for Reducing Ship Emissions in the European Union In this report, sponsored by the European Commissions DG Environment, a NERA team led by Senior Vice President and Environment Group Head Dr. David Harrison and Senior Consultant Daniel Radov analyzes four economic instrument approaches to reducing emissions from maritime sources in European sea areas. Building upon earlier NERA work on behalf of DG Environment to evaluate the feasibility of various economic instruments for reducing shipping emissions, the team considers the further steps that would be involved in adopting each of these promising approaches. The report provides recommendations for the development of each approach, organized in two major categories: design elements, which are features that are specified initially and not expected to require additional review over time; and implementation elements, which are features that require implementation on an ongoing basis. Learn more: http://www.nera.com/Publication.asp?p_ID=2694. Read related coverage in Environmental Finance: http://www.nera.com/MediaCoverage.asp?pr_ID=2695. For more of NERAs latest thinking, please visit: http://www.nera.com/JustPublished.asp. ========================================== ENERGY REGULATION INSIGHTS ========================================== European Commission Sets Competition Issues for Gas and Electricity Markets On 15 November 2005, the European Commission published the initial findings of the Energy Sector Inquiry, launched in June 2005 in response to complaints about high gas and electricity prices, barriers to entry, and a lack of consumer choice in the EU. The Commission set out its initial findings in an Issues Paper, which NERA Senior Consultant Sean Gammons discusses in the latest issue of Energy Regulation Insights. Mr. Gammons summarizes the Commissions findings and highlights the contractual, regulatory, and competition policy issues that will need further consideration in the next stage of the inquiry. Read the latest issue of the Energy Regulation Insights: http://www.nera.com/Newsletter.asp?n_ID=27. For more information about NERAs other complimentary newsletters, please visit: http://www.nera.com/Newsletters.asp.

Essay on Population Ecology vs. Neoinstitutional Theory

Organization-environment relations depict certain areas of UCSB in their entirety in which two of those theories include population ecology and neoinstitutional theory. Population ecology and neoinstitutional theory looks at UCSB in divergent perspectives: population ecology looks at UCSB as a living or dying species whereas neoinstitutional theory highlights UCSB’s importance as an establishment to its field of education. With this, I am going to compare both, population ecology and neoinstitutional theory, in relation to the University of California – Santa Barbara. I will further discuss each of their strengths and weaknesses in accordance to the behavior and environment of institution, faculty, staff, and its students. Within†¦show more content†¦Yang and among other administrative staff at UCSB employ population ecology to aid the growth of the school while ensuring the best experience possible for past, current, and future students. For UCSB to survive its environment within the educational field, it is important to refer UCSB as either a growing or dying species. Many establishments face external and internal pressures dictating the fate of their organizational future. UCSB among other universities and colleges altogether face one external pressure that can lead to a â€Å"dying† organization which is fiscal uncertainty. Monetary barriers against UCSB hinder the organization because they are given limits renouncing their power and legitimacy (Hannan 932). The UC system is facing a financial crisis in which UCSB is not the only school suffering. All students and faculty are evaluating the future of UCSB because the incessant layoffs, budget cuts and tuition rise which leaves the population unsatisfied. Yet, the Access and Affordability group, at the UC Commission of the Future, evaluates the current financial dilemma and tries to find accessible alternatives for students and faculty (Commission of the Future). However, there are pressures that contribute to a â€Å"growing† species such as the internal pressure of upholding their reputation. Organizations face certain standards and procedures and to change those standard questions theirShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work

Preparing a Healthier Financial Future Through Healthcare Management Education 2019

There are a variety of career options in healthcare management. Employment can be secured in various healthcare organizations (e.g. HMO, AHCA etc), or a government agency. You can even prefer to focus your employment options on area such as finance or human resources etc. Excellent career options with a pharmacy, pharmaceutical company or even a insurance company can be thought of. In addition to these vast prospects, is the satisfaction of working in an industry having a considerable social impact. Thus, making healthcare management one of the feel good careers. With the growth in population and increase in lifespan, a fast growth in the employment and earnings is projected by the experts. What are the educational degrees to obtain in case you are interested in healthcare management as a career option? How to get going and create a niche for yourself in this field of employment? To carve out a career for you in this field, a doctorate in the field of health administration is a necessary. There are endless opportunities in this field. Along with the satisfaction, there is a good financial future in healthcare management. .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e:active, .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ubd276f67e262e3caf25717db6a431b9e:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Financing a Degree In Criminal JusticeRelated ArticlesYour Financial Future with a Finance degreeFind Online Business and Management Degree ProgramsFinancial Planning a Worthwhile CareerOpening Doors to a Health Care Financial Management CareerOnline Education Options in HealthcareThe American College of Healthcare Executives

Public Service Is The Serving Of Public Services - 4173 Words

Public service is the serving of the public by carrying out legislative, executive, or judicial orders through governmental agencies and organizations, and by reforming government programs to better help people. In recent decades, the reinvention, re-engineering, and restructuring of government have been discussed to provide more efficient and effective ways to serve the public. â€Å"Theorists of citizenship, community and civil society, organizational humanists, and postmodernist public administrationists have helped to establish a climate in which it makes sense today to talk about a New Public Service† (Denhardt Denhardt, 2000). Reinventing government through the New Public Service can have a positive impact on the operations, effectiveness, and efficiencies of public organizations and programs. The New Public Service is made up of seven lessons that can be applied in the reinvention of public organizations. These lessons include: â€Å"Serve, rather than steer. An in creasingly important role of the public servant is to help citizens articulate and meet their shared interests, rather than to attempt to control or steer society in new directions; The public interest is the aim, not the by-product. Public administrators must contribute to building a collective, shared notion of the public interest. The goal is not to find quick solutions driven by individual choices. Rather, it is the creation of shared interests and shared responsibility; Think strategically, actShow MoreRelatedPersonal Leadership : An Effective Leadership Style1644 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide information on how demonstrating appropriate ethical behaviors as a servant leader can help to guide and enhance my demonstration of effective leadership. Lastly this paper will explain the importance of diversity and inclusion in the public leadership field, analyze how my own personal and academic experiences can contribute to and guide me to becoming a better leader as well as summarize how the concepts introduced and information gained will continue to guide my leadership developmentRead MoreAmerican Institute Of Certified Public Accountants1179 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction American Institute of Certified Public Accountants The non-profit professional organization, American Institute Certified of Public Accountants (AICPA), was founded in the United States of America. The professional organization was founded in 1887, to help ensure that the accounting profession will gain the same respect as the other prestigious occupations have received from the public. The accounting profession, similar to the medical, legal, and engineering profession, is characterizedRead More The Meaning of Service Essay612 Words   |  3 PagesMeaning of Service Service is a word used constantly.   The word service has an impression on many people.   For example; people who work as lifeguards view their work as a service to the community.   Naturally, based on working as a lifeguard their definition of service would be an action beneficial to the well-being of others.   Not surprisingly, a similar definition was found in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).   Service is described in the Oxford English Dictionary as the action of serving, helpingRead MorePublic Service Philosophy Essay : Public Services823 Words   |  4 Pages Public Service Philosophy Essay â€Å"Public service† is a very vague idea for me. To me, there isn’t a definite definition that can distinguish what is public service or not. From our reading, it was pointed out that what public service used to mean, and what it now means has changed immeasurably. From Jobs That Matter, Heather Krasna defines public service as significantly contributing â€Å"to solving problems in society or the world.† I think the idea of â€Å"significantly contributing† to society canRead MoreThe Definition Of Public Service1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Definition of Public Service T00432684 â€Æ' In order to gather a definition of any word, it is not simply to give a term, or phrase, meaning, but to also at the same time identify its origin and purpose. All of this is then applied to a specific perspective. This perspective then allows a word to take on it’s own individualized life each time it surfaces as a spoken word, an action, a written text, thought, or observation. Approaching the term â€Å"public service† embodies the aforementionedRead MoreDominant Theory Of Public Administration Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pageswill explain the dominant theory in public administration practice and elaborate on the major theoretical assumptions of the Old Public Administration. As stated in the question, the world has transformed through globalization, information technology, and devolution of authority since the latter part of the last century. The dominant theory in public administration has been replaced from the traditional rule-based, authority-driven processes of the Old Public Administration with market-based, competition-drivenRead MoreEssay Women in Combat1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States military views its diverse force as one of its greatest assets. Senior Air Force leaders recognize the monumental contributions both men and women make in support of their country daily. Americans serving in any branch of service know it is not a nine-to-five job but rather a calling. It is about being a part of the Profession of Arms. Airmen are warriors. The third verse of the Air Force Airman’s Creed states, â€Å"I am an American Airman, Guardian of Freedom and Justice, My Nation’sRead MoreJustify the need and role of discipline within the uniformed public service675 Words   |  3 Pagesrole of discipline within the public services, as well as evaluating the impact of discipline. Discipline takes a massive role in the public services for many reasons. It is crucial for the servicemen to stick to the rules, which I wi ll be demonstrating within my case study which looks at what happens when a Buckingham Palace Guard is seen pirouetting. Every serviceman within the uniformed public services knows how discipline is of the upmost importance when serving your country. There are manyRead MoreHuman Service Organization Profile : Department Of Public Safety And Correctional Services1049 Words   |  5 PagesTincen Vithayathil HSER 100.WB1 HSO Profile 6/8/2015 Human Service Organization Profile: Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services A human service organization that is interesting to me is the Department of Corrections. I chose this group because it relates closely with my major which is criminal justice. In this profession, there are various positions that can provide opportunities to work with those who struggle to obey the law. Some of these positions include admin specialists, programRead MoreCase 11716 Words   |  3 PagesCase 11 1. In your own words, can you describe the Wise concept of â€Å"public service culture†? What does the author mean by that term? What assumptions about human nature does her motivational concept rest on? Do you believe these are valid assumptions? a. Public service culture is a human need. Unfortunately, these days that means where the money is, employees will go. People use to be satisfied with helping the public, but now without appropriate compensation it is hard to keep some employees

Nike vs Puma free essay sample

Nike vs Puma Easily the biggest grudge match in Germany this month will not be between two of the countries competing, but between homegrown Adidas and, of course, American arch-rivals Nike. The business media is already hot on the Stripes versus the Swoosh, with the German brand reportedly splashing out double Nikes estimated ? 60m World Cup marketing spend. But what about the shirts themselves? Which ones would you want to play in, and which should be left on the backs of the die-hards down the pub? Out of the six countries theyre dressing, including hosts Germany, and also France, the best Adidas shirt has to be Argentinas (above left). Perhaps not as recognizable as Brazils famous bright yellow, the subtle sky-blue and white stripes belied how fearsome Argentina were from the late 1970s through the 1980s. Kept simple, although a bit too shiny for my liking, the current shirt remains true to the great players who have previously worn one. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike vs Puma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As does Hollands shirt (above right), one of eight nations wearing Nike. While every other colour is sported by several teams, no-one but the Dutch really wear orange, and during the mid-1970s they played some of the sexiest football ever. Though theyve never managed to lift the trophy, this jersey echoes the heyday of the Dutch game when their brand of Total Football, as its known, narrowly lost the 1974 final to Germany. It has none of the unnecessary graphics that have plagued the brilliant orange kit of previous years, but again its kept simple and low-key, complete with a nod to the 1970s in the form of the collar. Thats the big boys, but its another German brand thats kitting out the most countries. Puma has deals with no less than 12 federations, including Italy, all of the African teams who qualified, as well as Saudi Arabia and Iran from the Middle East. The brand has taken the opposite approach to its larger competitors, embellishing most of its shirts with designs that reflect that countrys heritage. The Hawks of Togo are depicted, as is the Ivory Coasts nickname, Les Elephants. For me, Tunisias shirt (above left) works best, showing the Eagles of Carthage merged with a sort of camouflage design. Elsewhere, there are a handful of smaller brands providing some of the teams with their kit. Umbros heritage as makers of England shirts is well-known. They also make Swedens, but their best World Cup-related gear is designed by Kim Jones, which is featured elsewhere on Cool Hunting today. Italys Lotto and Spanish new-boys Joma are also after a piece of the action, supplying the likes of Ukraine (above right) and Costa Rica respectively. If you want to be really obscure next time you take to the pitch though, an Ecuador shirt (right), made by little-known company Marathon, wins hands down.

The unknown citizen Essay Example For Students

The unknown citizen Essay Thomas uses contrasting imagery, as Henry Reed did in Naming of Parts, in the line And all the birds are singing, bills wide in vain/As Cynddylan passes proudly up the lane to vent his anger at the fact that the noisy machinery drowns out the stunning sound of nature. R. S. Thomas, like the two previous poets, does not directly complain about the removal of man from the soil and the association to machinery, but prefers to use a variety of techniques to show his opposition to the self-estrangement of man from the soil. We will write a custom essay on The unknown citizen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The last of the four poems, Do not go Gentle into that Good Night, is Dylan Thomas lament on the death of his father. It is his angry outburst about the death and death in general. That Good Night is Thomas metaphor for death. The 1st and 3rd lines of each stanza rhyme, which gives the poem a plod-like tone, helping to add to Thomas belief that he has to accept the inevitability of death, for example night rhymes with light, and height. The traipsing tone indicates that this poem is to be read, even though it is iambic. The rhyme and rhythm structure is very important as it is constant throughout the poem and gives the poem its structured appearance. The lexis used in this poem is often very bitter, with words such as rage, frail and curse being examples. The continual tonal shift throughout the verses reflects Thomas confused feelings, in some verses he expresses his desire for his father to rage against the crying of the light, but in another he reflects on his fathers frail state. Examples can be seen when in one verse he uses the word wild to express outrage, but in another he becomes passive and uses words such as sad and gentle. He comments on death in each verse and, like the other poets, uses enjambment to continue ideas from one line to the next. Thomas brings all of his ideas together in the final stanza, which signifies the conclusion of the poem and the end rhyming couplet brings his ideas together tidily. Dylan Thomas is perhaps the most direct of all the poets in expressing his complaint, although it is still expressed through linguistic techniques and Latinate language. In conclusion, my personal favourite poem is Do not go Gentle into that Good Night because of the continual tonal shift it contains. I find the balancing of the lines remarkable as the poet, Dylan Thomas, is able to exquisitely swap from a raging tone to a vulnerable state with precision. This poem also contains a remarkably effective rhyming scheme, and the fact that there is the continual repetition of the last word on the 1st and 3rd lines gives the poem structure. This is not to say that I dont like the other poems, as I enjoy the intelligent use of language and techniques across the selection, but I take pleasure in reading Thomas poem because of its slower pace and also because of all of the mixed emotions communicated.

Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis

â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† By James Hurst Characterization of Doodle William Armstrong, also known as Doodle, was a character in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. He was born with an illness that made him different from the rest of his family. Despite the illness, and with the help of his brother, Doodle, which was named after a doodle bug by his brother, overcame a lot of obstacles. If it wasn’t for the over bearing ness, and his arterial motives, Doodle might not have progressed as far as he did. This was due to the fact that the doctor, his mother and father did not have faith that Doodle will ever be able to accomplish anything because of his illness. The only person that had any faith in his ablities was his Aunt Nicey. Even though he had an illness that made him different Doodle was just like any other boy his age. He had the strength and determination to overcome , and do what he was told he could not do. He had a love and appreciation for things most take for grated. He also wanted to be accepted as a part of the family, fr om acceptance bore the courage to become a normal little boy. To start with, Doodle was a strong determined little boy. He began his life with a fight to stay alive. There was not much hope for poor little Doodle at the beginning. His father even ordered a casket built for him because they did not expect him to live. With his unblaten determination, he won his first battle to live. Not long after that, he began to fight many more battles. He started showing signs of mental competence when he smiled at his older brother. Afterwards, he began to try to move around and eventually began to crawl even though â€Å"the doctor said that with his weak heart this strain would probably kill him, but it didn’t.† Doodle did not stop there. With his persitance and determination he eventually learned how to walk, run, swim, climb, and row a boat. All of this was accomplished by a little boy that eve... Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† By James Hurst Characterization of Doodle William Armstrong, also known as Doodle, was a character in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. He was born with an illness that made him different from the rest of his family. Despite the illness, and with the help of his brother, Doodle, which was named after a doodle bug by his brother, overcame a lot of obstacles. If it wasn’t for the over bearing ness, and his arterial motives, Doodle might not have progressed as far as he did. This was due to the fact that the doctor, his mother and father did not have faith that Doodle will ever be able to accomplish anything because of his illness. The only person that had any faith in his ablities was his Aunt Nicey. Even though he had an illness that made him different Doodle was just like any other boy his age. He had the strength and determination to overcome , and do what he was told he could not do. He had a love and appreciation for things most take for grated. He also wanted to be accepted as a part of the family, fr om acceptance bore the courage to become a normal little boy. To start with, Doodle was a strong determined little boy. He began his life with a fight to stay alive. There was not much hope for poor little Doodle at the beginning. His father even ordered a casket built for him because they did not expect him to live. With his unblaten determination, he won his first battle to live. Not long after that, he began to fight many more battles. He started showing signs of mental competence when he smiled at his older brother. Afterwards, he began to try to move around and eventually began to crawl even though â€Å"the doctor said that with his weak heart this strain would probably kill him, but it didn’t.† Doodle did not stop there. With his persitance and determination he eventually learned how to walk, run, swim, climb, and row a boat. All of this was accomplished by a little boy that eve...

Argumentative research paper on abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argumentative research paper on abortion - Essay Example gues that what should be socially acceptable as a reason for a woman to pursue abortion should be limited to those like rape, as abortion should be regarded as the last resort for birth control, or not to make it as a resort at all. As apparent in the Anti-abortion law campaign in South Dakota, abortion has been viewed as the last resort for unwanted pregnancies. To some, the extent of granting abortion to women should only include the cases where women where victims of rape or incest. â€Å"Supporters countered that the law would allow doctors to protect the lives of pregnant women with medical problems. They also argued that rape and incest victims would be protected by a provision that says nothing in the abortion ban would prevent women from getting emergency contraceptives up to the point a pregnancy could be determined.†Ã¢â‚¬â€on South Dakota anti-abortion law campaign, from USA Today. To make abortion the last resort for birth control stems from these people’s stand that there are a number of different contraceptives available. However, this is a naà ¯ve assumption that contraceptives are 100% effective. Banning abortion means limiting women’s right to control their fertility. While there are limited acceptable reasons for allowing abortion to happen, this results in a lot of unwanted pregnancies that result into forced motherhood. On the other hand, pro-choice movements argue that abortion is relevant to women as it reinforces the right of women to control their fertility. This leads to the concept of making motherhood a choice, which when being related to restricting the acceptability of reasons for abortion to those like rape, means encouragement of forced motherhood. â€Å"Abortion is a crucial backstop for contraception, it’s the birth control method of last resort. It’s impossible for women to really control their fertility without access to abortion because no contraceptive is 100% effective, and because women can’t always access birth control

Pax Romana. Read up on it in your textbook and then write a three-four Research Paper

Pax Romana. Read up on it in your textbook and then write a three-four page on those emperors who you think were good ( an - Research Paper Example They made possible the prosperous trades by which Roman civilization acquired rich imports of Chinese, Persian rugs, Arabian perfumes, Phoenician purple dyes, Indonesian spices, as well as Greek porcelains and Indian fabrics. As such, during the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan (A.D. 53 – A.D. 117), a Spanish military commander, there had been rigorous efforts to construct useful buildings for Romans. Among his great achievements besides facilitating extensive projects on building public structures, Trajan is additionally recognized for his policies on social welfare and conquests in the east. Because of him, Rome would stand in pride even in modern times due to Trajan’s Forum, Trajan’s Market, and Trajan’s Column which were all erected upon implementation of his successful program. Similarly, the rule of Roman Emperor Hadrian (76 A.D. - 138 A.D.)  brought wealth and security for the empire the time he eradicated the territorial expansion of Rome and fortif ied Roman boundaries upon construction of several â€Å"Walls of Hadrian†. ... Apparently, Trajan and Hadrian did make salutary emperors of Rome based on the aforementioned accomplishments from which I can perceive how they took care of the entire citizenry by focusing on provisions and works that improved the empire and strengthened healthy socio-political relations among people who looked up to leaders whose ideals were far from corrupt and selfish inclinations. Together with the other three good emperors namely – Nerva, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius, they had been able to establish a kind of government that consisted of officials who advanced people’s interests and worked for the empire with large sense of integrity and heart. To this extent, I must highly commend Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161 – A.D. 180) for all the good vibes felt by the empire out of his exceeding humble goodness. His wonderful character trait basically demonstrated the capacity to share imperial powers like the treatment he gave to Lucius Aurelius Veru s and his predecessor Antonius Pius whose wishes were granted after his regime. Marcus Aurelius is such a remarkable emperor for bearing not just the knowledge of good leadership but even of refined intellect since he was widely known and acclaimed for being a writer and philosopher of the Stoic school of thought. As a philosopher-king of his time, he authored exemplary works such as the â€Å"Meditations† along with the writings which manifested wisdom of truth and beauty of reason. At this point, I could quite imagine how the needs of each citizen were sincerely taken care of by the rule of such an emperor who, by his nature, respected and employed moral virtues of philosophy

Royal Bank of Scotland Staff Management

Royal Bank of Scotland Staff Management The Royal Bank of Scotland Executive Summary Royal Bank of Scotlands rapid expansion into the global market as against its roots as a national bank, has exposed the bank to the ripple effect created by the fall in the USA housing market, which has led the global banking industry into greater economic crisis. As a result of RBSs exposure to the current financial crisis, this report shall looks at the difficulties involve in leading and motivating staff of RBS as it navigates its way out of the crisis. The difficulties with leading staff of RBS that shall be looked into involve, lack of In-depth and technical knowledge by the board and the CEO, Managing culture, Managing Change, Loss of reputation, and Government Interference. Understanding and satisfying of staffs need in this current financial crisis may be a difficult task for the management of RBS, this report shall also evaluate the difficulties of motivating staff of RBS ranging from government influence, disparity in pay, public outcry and challenges in satisfying the need of every employee of RBS Lastly the report shall recommend practicable solutions that are applicable to the current financial crisis to the management of RBS. 1.0 Introduction The environment where business operates has a major impact on its operation. Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) operates in the UK financial industry which is one of the strongest financial hubs in the world. Porter (1998) says that a business will be successful if all the elements of the microenvironment are favourable to the organisation, this can not be in isolation of the macroenvironmental factors which also dictates the success of an organisation. The current financial crisis, was ignited by the fall in the USA housing market, and has a ripple effect which has exposed RBS and the UK banking industry as a whole, this has led to the liquidity problem been faced by the industry and the loss of confidence in the banking industry. Companies that market products or services have always had to deal with a wider range of issues than those encountered by domestic firms (Jeannet and Hennessey 1998). Royal Bank of Scotlands rapid expansion into the global market as against its roots as a national bank, has exposed the bank to greater economic crisis. The new chairman headed by Sir Philip Hampton in his bid to reform the bank has rooted out seven non executive directors and the former CEO Sir Fred Godwin who spearheaded the Global expansion, and appointed a new CEO Stephen Hester. In 2008 RBS group declared a loss of  £28bn the biggest loss in British corporate history (www.guardian.co.uk) and this has culminated into several lay off of staff. The Government in its effort to save the bank has injected some fund into the banks business and now owns about 70% of the bank. RBS has laid off some thousands of its workforces over the past year, there is consistent criticism from the media and the general public about bankers pay and reward, banks exposure to the global crisis, governments control power etc, all these have sent different signal to the remaining staff and also create difficulties in leading and motivating these staff by the management. 2.0 Leading Staff Of RBS During The Financial Crisis It takes a mentally tough and emotionally strong CEO and a competent Board to survive the current crisis. Kotter (1996) as cited by Robins and Judge (2007) says management is about coping with complexity by implementing the vision and strategy provided by leaders, coordinating and staffing the organisation for smooth operation, while leadership on the other hand in contrast is about coping with changes, by having ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a set of goals. Robin and Judge (2007) also group leadership theories into two, Charismatic and transformational leadership. But says Transformational leadership builds on the transactional leadership Ø The charismatic leadership theory. Charismatic leaders have vision, willing to take personal risk, sensitive to follower needs. These individuals are set aside from ordinary people and treated as endowed with exceptional qualities and are given unprecedented autonomy and resources, which then makes such individual to posses ability to leverage higher salaries and reward even when their performance was not very good, high risk taker, incur high cost and engage in self sacrifice to achieve the vision, and engaging in unconventional behaviour. These traits were seen in Sir Fred Godwin character, though to some extent the staff and board were satisfied with him before the current crisis, but such attributes may be difficult to lead staff and the whole of RBS group in this current crisis judging by their recent performance (Refer to Appendix 1). Ø The Transformational leadership theory Transformational leaders are known for providing vision and sense of mission, communicates high hope, inspirational motivation, careful problem solving skills etc, however it also build up on the characteristic of transactional such as the contract exchange for reward, and management by exception. These set of individual inspire staff to put in more effort to achieve the business objectives and goals, and also help staff at looking at old issues in a different way by been more innovative and creative. These traits are been seen in the new CEO Stephen Hester and such characters may seems to fit in to lead in this current financial crisis 2.1 Challenges with leading staff of RBS out of this current financial crisis Ø In-depth and technical knowledge of the board: According to Peter Principle, In a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to level of incompetence. The remuneration package approved by the former board of RBS has shown that though the board has some financial experts but the full understanding of the former CEO package which led to the public outcry was not fully understood by some members of the board before they approved it. This was also emphasised by Ministers who believed that it was not only Lord Myners who did not know that Sir Freds pension was discretionary. They believed that the old board of RBS was kept in the dark too (www.bbc.co.uk). The current board has several financial experts with years of experience working in the industry but this still does not guarantee that all strategies and decision made by them shall be perfect. Ø In-depth and technical knowledge of CEO: Dive (2009) argue that most CEOs do not know how to establish accountable organization. RBS was reported to have lost over  £600m in Madoffs alleged investment scam. This could have been attributed to the lack of understanding and technical knowledge of such investment exhibited by the former CEO Fred Godwin before venturing into such a risky investment scam. However the new CEO too could have being tricked into such investment because it is very hard for CEO to posses in-depth and technical knowledge of all the financial operations and investment. But not withstanding CEO should strive enough to develop or gain the full understanding of some decision they might have made in past and to be able to correct some anomalies When Egg card terminated over 100,000 of its credit card customer in February 2008, the CEO said he believes they pose an unacceptably high risk to the company, this was supported by Angela Knight, chief executive of the British Bankers Association, who said that Eggs action was a sensible way of looking after a business (news.bbc.co.uk). Ø Managing culture Another difficulty leaders are likely to face in the current financial crisis is the ability to manage culture. Leaders need to know how to manage culture that exit within its organisation and the environment where it operates. The issue that leaders face at each of their organisational growth stages are different, partly because the role that culture plays at each stage is completely different (Schein 2004). The inability by banks chiefs to manage the bonus culture that exits within the financial institution in UK has led to public outcry and different criticism about the ability of these executives to run a profitable company and at the same time manage its staff. Stephen Hester who was brought to turnaround RBS might be faced with managing culture because it is a barrier to change, and change is prone to resistance. Stephen Hester is expected to deal with lavish executive perks in RBS which has become a culture in the banking industry, such as the  £17m private jet used by Sir Fred Godwin, and heavy pension schemes. However Stephen Hester too according to (www.dailymail.co.uk) lives an expensive life style such a 350 acres of country estate, expensive mansion in London, and large option reward. This is a culture that has been in the industry for quite some time and it may be difficult for any new CEO to change because he too might have been a benefactor at a point in time, and also for the position of a CEO of a large financial organisation like RBS to be attractive, the reward needs to be competitive. This is a major challenge that Stephen Hester and the board might faced in leading at this point of time. Ø Managing Change Johnson et al (2001) say when a business is in terminal decline and faces closure or takeover, there is a need for rapid and extensive change in order to achieve cost reduction and revenue generation. Stephen Hester was appointed not only as CEO at RBS but implied as a change agent who will carry out a rapid change within the bank. Change is a major challenge and may be difficult to implement than it seems at first because while changing the business strategies and operation, one has to change the people and their orientation. Balogun and Hailey (2004) say success rate for most of the change programme launched within organisation is poor and the failure rate is 70%. However Stephen needs to find ways of ensuring that the outcome is positive change rather than damaging to the business. RBS in its bid to be back to a profitable organisation has embarked on different change management processes which have led to some job cut, however resistance to these changes is expected. Rob Macgregor, Unites national officer, said the union was appalled that thousands of people, who form the backbone of the RBS operations, are to be made redundant. He added: These employees are totally blameless for the current position which RBS is in, yet they are paying for the mistakes at the top of the bank. (www.guardian.co.uk) Ø Loss of reputation Adams Equity Theory says the more upset people get the greater they strive to redress the inequity. The general public and the medias impression of banks and financial institution has led to the loss of reputation of most banks in the UK , which was even seen in the damage done to the building of RBS by angry protester in April 2009 during the G20 meeting in London. This has created fear into the members of staff of RBS not to be attacked in public once people know that they work for the bank. And this may even force some to leave the organisation or think about a career in another industry. Ø Government Interference The injection of over  £20bn by the UK government to salvage the RBS from collapse has led to major influence of government in the decision to be made by the current Board and CEO. Decision made by management must always be the one politician will prefer rather than the one that will be of best economic interest to the bank. The recent announcement by the bank to cut 9000 jobs over the next three years which might result in a savings of over  £2.5bn (www.guardian.co.uk) was strongly rejected by the Politician , and the banks deputy chief executive had to change their strategy from job cut to redeployment of staff while facing the MPs. This is a vital challenge that faces the management of RBS in leading the staff for a profitable organisation. 3.0 Staff Motivation Unhappy staff are known to have little chance to produce satisfied customers, so the more contented staff are, the higher customer satisfaction will be. The management of RBS needs to integrate individual needs along with the organisational goals in other to achieve the business objectives, but motivation of staff comes with different challenges. 3.1 Challenges with Motivating staff of RBS during the current financial crisis Ø External influences A key difficulty been faced by most organisations during this global financial crisis is that they have placed too much attention on the external environment, at the detriment of the internal working environment. RBS continuous laying off staff with the aim of cutting cost was a result of its exposure to the global economic crisis, liquidity in the market, and fall in stock value. This is a demotivating action to the staff of RBS but the management and board of RBS might want to first readdress it position in the banking industry before it can then focus on the staff extreme needs. Ø Reward Structure The pluralist perspective of organisational conflict according to Lashley and Ross (2003 ) emphasises that conflict between subgroups is inevitable, and therefore it must be handled and managed carefully . Because of the higher pay package being offered to some investment staff of RBS, some group of staff in the retail and commercial sector of business may believed that they are being underpaid and at the same time bring in lesser risk, this may result in different conflict and complex issues arising among staff. Also the need for reward when target is met may be valued by some top performing investment staff within the bank, and they may threaten to leave if they are not been compensated competitively with what is obtainable in the industry. Increased wages are precisely what RBS may not be able to provide during this storming period however Nelson (2005) has also said though money is a factor of motivation, but not sufficient condition alone to attract, retain and motivate good employees. Ø Satisfying needs of all staff Money may not be provided everytime while appreciation and involvement of staff which are seen as other means of motivation can be provided any time. The problem with this, is understanding the need of all members of staff of RBS and aligning organisation policies with these needs. Maslow hierarchy of needs says before the self actualisation of need can be met, the basic life needs needed to be met, and he also said when a need is satisfied it no longer motivates and the next higher need takes its place (Refer to Appendix 2). Maslow hierarchy of needs might be ineffective when organisation is faced with too many external factors. Virtually almost every staff of RBS is worried about their job security, public attack, loss of bonuses, and stigmatization of banking profession. Therefore understanding and satisfying of staffs need in this current financial crisis may be a difficult task for the management of RBS. Ø Government Interference/ public outcry The Government forced down the 2008 bonuses that were supposed to be paid to staff of Lloyd bank, as a result of government ownership in the bank and the poor performance of the bank in 2008, while some staff see these as unfair treatment because they met their target and they deserve their bonuses. This was supported by Unite trade union who says they will not accept a situation where staff are made to suffer financially for the mistakes or greed of the top executives who ran the bank. This could be demotivating to staff that work in the three banks where government have control, in which RBS is one of them 4.0 Recommendation Leading and motivating is an integral part of managing people in an organisation, because people are major asset to such organisation. Gratton (2000) says people should be treated with politeness, respect, dignity and fairness. This can help to build an organisation where people can grow and flourish and at the same time save management reputation when they acted wrongly Organisation branding could help to motivate employee, it helps to give them a job securities and the status that is attached to the branded company. Media can be used to gain back the good image RBS is known for, and also management should avoid action or event that may put the company into public debate by ensuring that ethical decision are taken all the time. Businesses that survive the trying times are the ones whose leaders adopt a attitude of discovery and change, instead of resistances. Johnson et al (2001) suggest five style of change management: Education communication, Collaboration/participation, intervention, direction, coercion, some of which can be used by the management of RBS while turning the business around. Though RBS do appraise its staff regularly the use of management by objective (MBO) as part of its performance measurement for staff may be very much ideal in this era, in order to align both the goal of individual staff with that of the organisation. Butler (2009) says that in a multicultural organisation, transformational leadership demonstrates care for the personal relationships with a diverse group of people that in turn builds better leader-member exchanges, trust and organisational commitment. These kind of leadership traits might have been suggested to the board of RBS before the selection of Stephen Hester as the new CEO with the hope of changing the staffs paradigm and give them higher satisfaction. However a transformational leader will require more to be successful in this era , and this may include trust and been ethical, in other to gain the respect and to remove the stigma associated to CEO of big banks seen as selfish ,greedy, and extravagant lifestyle. Apart from the normal qualities of a good leader, two exceptional role that may be expected of the new leadership of Stephen Hester and the new Board at RBS are to provide team leadership, and self leadership roles. Team building is essential for every organisational development and growth. Task and problems are shared to enhance productivity, great leadership takes into account proper delegation amongst staff while still taking responsibility at the end of its completion. Leaders lead by good examples in era such as this, Josef Ackermann, CEO of deutsche Bank pledged to relinquish his bonus which runs into millions of Euros (www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk). This action has also prompted 3 other senior board members to agree to relinquish theirs as well. Which is now been used as a yardstick in the industry. Though Stephen Hester is new at RBS but there are some other processes or action through which he can control his own behaviour in order to exhibit self leadership role However leadership though required some qualities but these qualities and the leadership styles varies along with the changes in the environment. Managing change may go with different kind of leadership style. Lewin et al (1939) identify Authoritarian, Democratic, and laissez-faire style as the three major classification of leadership style. Stephen Hester may decided to use any or combination of the styles. Whichever option adopted has its own shortcoming, therefore the management should ensure it monitor the resistance and blend with any changes to its style that might fit any particular circumstances. Training is one of the strategies for success in organisation, the cultural change that is expected of the new board can be done through training of its staff. Also RBS Management is expected to come up with some practicable corporate and business strategies, which will give not only the shareholder confidence in the bank but inclusive of the staff, who will then be certain about their long term commitment to the business instead of the fear of losing their jobs RBS management need to put more efforts into the remaining staff so as not to lose the key ones, because of the amount of training and experience that has been impacted into them. Therefore involvements in plans and decision, timely and resourceful information, celebrating success, flexible working hours are some of the intrinsic motivation that can be used. Bibliography Armstrong, M.(2001). Human Resources Management Practices. 8th edition. Published by Kogan Page Ltd London. Balogun, J and Hailey,H. (2004). Exploring Strategic change .FT Prentice Hall, London BPP ACCA Study text(P3)-Business Analysis) (April 2007), 1st edition, Published by BPP Learning Media ltd. Butler, C. (2009). Leadership in a multicultural Arab organisation. Journal of Leadership Organization Development Journal Volume:30 , Issue:2 , Page: 139 151,Published by Emerald Group Publishing Limited Child, J. (2005). Organisation Contemporary Principle and Practices. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Crouhy, M. Mark, R. and Galai, D (2001).Risk Management :comprehensive chapters on market credit and operational risk. Published by McGraw-Hill Dive, B. (2009).Why do banks continue to waste talent. Journal of Industrial and Commercial Training Volume: 41 , Issue: 1 , Page: 15 19. Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Gratton, L. (2000). Living Strategy: Putting People at the Heart of Corporate Purpose. Published by Peason Education Ltd Jeannet, P. and Hennessey..D, 1998. Global Marketing Strategies.4th edition. Houghton Mifflin Company Johnson, G. Scholes, K. Whittington, R (2001). Exploring Corporate Strategy.7th edition. Published by Pearson Education, Uk Kotter,J. (1996) Leading Change. Published by Harvard Business school Press Lashley, C. Ross, D.(2003).Organisational Behaviour for Leisure Services. Published by Butterworth-Heinemann Laurence,J.Hull,R.(1969). The Peter Principle: why things go wrong. Published by Willian Morrow and Company New York. Lewin, K. LIippit, R. and White, K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behaviour in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301 Nelson, B. (2005). 1001 Ways to Reward Employees .Workman Publishing Company, New York. Porter,M.(1998). Competitive Advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance, Free Press New York Robins.S., and Judge.T, (2007). Organisational Behaviour,12th edition .Pearson Education Inc New Jersey Schein, E. (2004).Organisational Culture and Leadership.3rd edition. Published by John Wiley and Sons http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7222336.stm (Accessed on 10/04/09) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7926977.stm (Accessed on 11/04/09) http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7890924.stm (Accessed on 12/04/09) http://uk.news.yahoo.com/4/20090407/tuk-rbs-to-axe-9-000-jobs-dba1618.html (Accessed on 14/04/09) http://www.abraham-maslow.com/m_motivation/Hierarchy_of_Needs.asp (Accessed on 10/04/09) http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/nickrobinson/2009/02/driven_to_distr.html (Accessed on 10/04/09) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1078815/New-Royal-Bank-Scotland-Boss (Accessed on 12/04/09) http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/08/rbs-job-cuts-unite-union-banking/print (Accessed on 09/04/09) http://www.rbs.com/about-rbs/what-we-do.ashx (Accessed on 11/04/09) news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7921778.stm (Accessed on 09/04/09) www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk (Accessed on 12/04/09) www.dailymail.co.uk (Accessed on 12/04/09) www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/feb/06/rbs-boardroom-shakeup/print (Accessed on 10/04/09)

Essay --

Kidneys are very important organs. Their main responsibility is to filter harmful toxins from the blood, which are then excreted in the urine. The urine then flows through the ureters and into the bladder. When the bladder is full, the sensation to urinate arises and the urine is emptied through the urethra. Sometimes the crystals that are found in urine bind together and become big enough to develop into a kidney stone. I have yet to encounter anyone who has had this issue, but I have heard from other people that kidney stones can be very painful. Knowing the flow of urine and how small ureters are gives me chills just thinking about the pain someone might have to endure. Kidney stones differ in size and shape and can either be smooth or pointy. They can be the size of a sand particle or the size of a golf ball. There are even some stones that can fill the entire kidney; these are known as staghorn stones. Infections are the usual culprits for this type of stone. Calcium, very common in dairy products, is what the majority of stones are created from. Other chemicals tha...

Review Chemistry Chapter 4

CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. 1Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. O2 C. H2SO4 D. C6H12O6 (glucose) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 2Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. N2 C. KOH D. C2H6O (ethanol) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 3Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. CH3COOH (acetic acid) C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. O2 E. NaCl Answer: B 4. 4Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. NH3 C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. N2 E. KClAnswer: B 4. 5Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaF B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. NaOH E. C6H12O6 (glucose) Answer: E 4. 6Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaOH B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. KF E. C2H6O (ethanol) Answer: E 4. 7Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of NaNO3. M A. Na2+, NO3 – B. Na+, N3 â€⠀œ , O3 C. Na+, N3 -, O32 – D. Na+, N+, O2 – E. Na+, NO3 – Answer: E 4. 8Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2. E A. Ca2+, H+, O2 – B. Ca2+, OH2- C. Ca+, H-, O2 – D.Ca2+, O2H22 – E. Ca2+, OH – Answer: E 4. 9The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they: E A. contain molecules B. conduct electricity C. react with other solutions D. always contain acids E. conduct heat Answer: B 4. 10According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. NaCl B. MgBr2 C. FeCl2 D. AgBr E. ZnCl2 Answer: D 4. 11According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. Na2SO4 B. BaSO4 C. CuSO4 D. MgSO4 E. Rb2SO4 Answer: B 4. 2According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. CaCO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. K2CO3 E. KNO3 Answer: A 4. 13According to the solubili ty rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. Hg2Cl2 B. Na2S C. Ag2CO3 D. Ag2S E. BaSO4 Answer: B 4. 14According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. AgBr B. AgCl C. Ag2CO3 D. AgNO3 E. Ag2S Answer: D 4. 15According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. (NH4)3PO4 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. AlPO4 D.Ag3PO4 E. Mg3(PO4)2 Answer: A 4. 16According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. CaSO4 B. BaSO4 C. PbSO4 D. K2SO4 Answer: D 4. 17In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions containing about 0. 1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) and KI(aq) /100 mL are mixed? A. KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions. B. No precipitate will form. C. Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I- will be spectator ions. D. PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3- will be spectator ions. E. Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitat e. Read this Practice Test Chem 105Answer: D 4. 18In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) are mixed? A. CuCl2 will precipitate; Ba2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. CuSO4 will precipitate; Ba2+ and Cl – will be spectator ions. C. BaSO4 will precipitate; Cu2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. BaCl2 will precipitate; Cu2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: C 4. 19In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of ZnSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) are mixed? A.ZnCl2 will precipitate; Mg2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. ZnSO4 will precipitate; Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. C. MgSO4 will precipitate; Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. MgCl2 will precipitate; Zn2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: E 4. 20Which of the following is the correct net ioni c equation for the reaction that occurs M when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed? A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq) > NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) B. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > PbCl2(s) C. Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > 2NH4+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + PbCl2(s) D.NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) > 2NH4NO3 Answer: B 4. 21The common constituent in all acid solutions is: M A. H2 B. H+ C. OH- D. H2SO4 E. Cl- Answer: B 4. 22Identify the ions present in an aqueous solution of LiOH. E A. Li2+, O- , H- B. Li+, OH- C. LiO-, H+ D. Li+, O2 – , H+ E. Li – , OH+ Answer: B 4. 23Identify the major ions present in an aqueous solution of HNO3. E A. HN+, O2 – B. OH- , NO3- C. OH- , NO+ D. H+, N3-, O2 – E. H+, NO3- Answer: E 4. 24What choice gives the correct formula of the salt formed in the neutralization Ereaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide? A. CaO B.CaCl2 C. CaH2 D. CaCl E. CaClH Answer: B 4. 25What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of Ehydr obromic acid with Mg(OH)2? A. MgBr B. Mg2Br3 C. Mg3Br2 D. Mg2Br E. MgBr2 Answer: E 4. 26What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of nitric acid M with Ca(OH)2? A. CaNO3 B. Ca2(NO3)3 C. Ca3(NO3)2 D. Ca2NO3 E. Ca(NO3)2 Answer: E 4. 27What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of sodium Mhydroxide with sulfuric acid? A. NaSO3 B. Na2(SO4)3 C. Na(SO4)2 D. Na2SO4 E. Na3SO4 Answer: D 4. 8What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of potassium M hydroxide (KOH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. KSO3 B. K2(SO4)3 C. K2SO4 D. K(SO4)2 E. KSO4 Answer: C 4. 29The oxidation number of N in NaNO3 is: M A. +6 B. +5 C. +3 D. – 3 E. none of these Answer: B 4. 30The oxidation number of S in K2SO4 is: M A. +6 B. +4 C. +2 D. – 1 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 31The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is: M A. +8 B. +7 C. +5 D. – 7 E. – 8 Answer: B 4. 32The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is: H A. +3 B. +2 C. +1 D. – 3 E. – 4 Answer: A 4. 3The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72 – is: H A. – 12 B. – 7 C. – 2 D. +6 E. +7 Answer: D 4. 34The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is: H A. – 1 B. +7 C. +5 D. +3 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 35The oxidation number of Cl in ClO4- is: H A. – 1 B. +1 C. +3 D. +5 E. none of these Answer: E 4. 36The maximum oxidation number of nitrogen is: H A. +8 B. +5 C. +3 D. +1 E. – 3 Answer: B 4. 37The highest possible oxidation number of carbon is: M A. +8 B. +6 C. +4 D. +2 E. – 4 Answer: C 4. 38Select the compound below in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.H A. H2S B. SO2 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO3 E. SCl2 Answer: C 4. 39The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is: M A. +4 B. – 4 C. +2 D. – 2 E. 0 Answer: D 4. 40Which choice below gives the oxidation numbers for all three elements in Rb2SO3 Mcorrectly, and in the order shown in the formula? A. – 2, +6, – 2 B. â €“ 1, +4, – 3 C. +2, +4, – 2 D. +1, +4, – 2 E. +1, +6, – 6 Answer: D 4. 41Which one of the following is a redox reaction? M A. H+(aq) + OH – (aq) > H2O(l) B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) > 2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. CO32 – + HSO4- > HCO3- + SO42 – Answer: D 4. 42Which of the following reactions does not represent an oxidation- Mreduction reaction? A. 3Al + 6HCl > 3H2 + AlCl3 B. 2H2O > 2H2 + O2 C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 > PbCl2 + 3NaNO3 D. 2NaI + Br2 > 2NaBr + I2 Answer: C 4. 43In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ > 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2 A. H2O2 B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. O2 Answer: B 4. 44In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3 > 3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + CO2 + 3N2 A. S B. N2 C. KNO3 D. CaSO4 E. CaCO3Answer: C 4. 45Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: H 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3 > 2Mn2+ + 5SO42 – + 4H+ + 3H2O A. MnO4- B. H2SO3 C. Mn2+ D. SO42 – E. H+ Answer: A 4. 46Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction: H 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) > 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) A. Fe2+ B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. Fe3+ Answer: A 4. 47Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction. M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. NiO2 C. H2O D. Cd(OH)2 E. Ni(OH)2 Answer: A 4. 48What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M 3Cu + 8HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O A. Cu B. H C. N D. O E. H2O Answer: A 4. 49What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. Ni C. O D. H Answer: A 4. 50What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2 > 2H2O + CdSO4 A. H B. S C. O D. Cd E. none of these Answer: E 4. 51What element is reduced in the following reaction? M Cu + 2H2SO4 > CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O A. Cu B. H C. S D. O E. H2O Answer: C 4. 52Predict the products of the following displacemen t reaction. M Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) > A. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq) C. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) D. FeCuSO4 E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq) Answer: C 4. 53Complete and balance the following half-reaction. M ClO- + e- > Cl- (basic solution) The balanced half-reaction will show which of the following: A. two hydroxide ions on the right side B. one electron on the left side C. six H+ ions on the right side D. six H+ ions on the left side E. two water molecules on the left side Answer: A 4. 54Complete and balance the following redox equation. When balanced with Mwhole number coefficients, the coefficient of S is: H2S + HNO3 > S + NO (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. E. 6 Answer: C 4. 55When balanced, what is the coefficient of Sn in the equation? M Sn + HNO3 > SnO2 + NO2 + H2O (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Answer: A 4. 56Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2O M when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficient s? MnO4- + SO32 – > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 57Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2S Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers?H2S + MnO4- > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 58Complete and balance the following redox equation. What is the coefficient of H2O Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 59Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of OH- Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of theseAnswer: B 4. 60Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole- Mnumber coefficients. Now sum the coefficients of all species in the balanced equation. Remember the coefficients equal to one. The sum of the coefficients is: BrO3- (aq) + Sb3+(aq) > Br – (aq) + Sb5+(aq) (acidic solution) A. 4 B. 12 C. 13 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 61Complete and balance the following redox reaction with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients. M When correctly balanced the sum of all the coefficients in the equation will be: (Recall, the absence of a coefficient is understood to be a 1)PbO2(s) + Cl- > Pb2+ + Cl2(g) (acidic solution) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9 E. 11 Answer: E 4. 62Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole Mnumber coefficients possible. What is the sum of the coefficients? (Remember the coefficients equal to one. ) HI + HNO3 > I2 + NO (acidic solution) A. 5 B. 7 C. 14 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 63Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is t he sum of the coefficients? MnO4- + Br – > Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution) A. 6 B. 17 C. 1 D. 29 E. 43 Answer: E Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Bi(OH)3 + SnO2 2 – > Bi + SnO32 – (basic solution) A. 32 B. 25 C. 16 D. 13 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 65Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Br2 > BrO3- + Br- (basic solution) A. 9 B. 12 C. 18 D. 21 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 66Which of the following is a displacement reaction? E A. NaN3(s) > 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) > 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) > 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) > 2PCl3(g) E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) > 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) Answer: B 4. 67Which of the following is a halogen displacement reaction? E A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. 2KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Answer: A 4. 68Which of the following is a precipitation reaction? M A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) > 2H2O(l) B. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) C. KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) Answer: B 4. 69Which of the following is an acid-base neutralization reaction? E A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) B. SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(g) C. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) > LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: C 4. 7025. 0 mL of a 0. 175 M solution of KOH is diluted with pure water to a final Mvolume of 750. 0 mL. What is the final molarity of the KOH solution? 0. 00583 M 0. 0163 M 0. 0333 M 0. 229 MAnswer: A 4. 71Consider the solution reaction AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 > 3AgCl + Al(NO3)3. M What volume of 0. 100 M AlCl3 will exactly react with 55. 0 mL of 0. 162 M AgNO3? 89. 1 mL 9. 90 mL 46. 2 mL 29. 7 mL Answer: D 4. 72What is the molarity of a solution in which 26. 0 grams of BaCl2 M(molar mass = 208. 2 g/mol) are dissolved in enough water to make 450. 0 mL of solution? 0. 278 M 0. 617 M 1. 00 M 3. 41 M Answer: A 4. 73If 40. 0 mL of H2SO4 solution reacts with 0. 212 g of Na2CO3, what is the Mmolarity of the H2SO4 solution? Na2CO3 + H2SO4 > Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 0. 50 M 0. 10 M 0. 20 M 0. 40 M 0. 050 M Answer: E 4. 4What volume of 0. 122 M HCl would react with 26. 2 mL of 0. 176 M NaOH? M 37. 8 mL 18. 2 mL 5. 56 mL 26. 3 mL 75. 6 mL Answer: A 4. 75 What is the oxidation number of N in NaNO3? M +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 Answer: E 4. 76In the following reaction, which species is being reduced? MFeBr3 + 3Cl2 > 2FeCl3 + 3Br2 A. the Cl in Cl2 B. the Fe in FeBr3 C. the Br in FeBr3 D. This is not a redox reaction. Answer: A 4. 77 Which is the oxidation number of arsenic in K3AsO4? M +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Answer : D 4. 78In which of the compounds below is nitrogen in the +1 oxidation state? M A. N2O4 B. HNO3 C. N2 D. N2O E. none of these Answer: D . 79 Which reaction below is NOT an oxidation-reduction reaction? M CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) > 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) > 2 H2O(g) Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) > Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Answer: A 4. 80 Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: 2 Na(s) + H2(g) > 2 NaH(s) M Na(s) NaH(s) H2(g) Answer: C 4. 81Which of the following is the correct NET IONIC equation for the M neutralization of acetic acid (HAc) with Ca(OH)2? (Ac = acetate ion) 2 HAc + Ca(OH)2 > CaAc2 + 2 H2O H+ + OH – > H2O HAc + OH – > Ac – + H2O 2 H+ + Ca(OH)2 > Ca2+ + 2 H2OAnswer: C 4. 82 Which of the following is INCORRECTLY classified? (Ac = acetate ion) E HAc / weak electrolyte HCl / strong electrolyte NaCl / strong electrolyte NaOH / weak electrolyte H2O / nonelectrolyte Answer: D 4. 83Which of the follow ing compounds are INCORRECTLY classified with respect to its solubility in water? M NaBr / soluble KCrO4 / insoluble MgCl2 / soluble AgCl / insoluble PbS / insoluble Answer: B 4. 84 Which of these is a weak acid? E HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI H2S Answer: E 4. 85Solutions of BaCl2(aq), Na2SO4(aq) and KNO3(aq) are mixed together. MWhat compound is likely to precipitate from the solution?NaNO3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 KCl K2SO4 Answer: C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 4. 86Define solution, solute and solvent. E Answer: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent. 4. 87Identify each of the following compounds as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. E a. NaOH___________________ b. H2SO4___________________ c. methanol___________________ d. C12H22O11 (sucrose)___________________ e. MgCl2___________________ Answer: a. electrolyte b. electrolyte c. onelectrolyte d. nonel ectrolyte e. electrolyte 4. 88Identify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, Eor non electrolyte. a. CH3OH (methanol)____________________ b. CH3COOH____________________ c. KNO3____________________ d. NH3____________________ e. NH4Cl____________________ Answer: a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte e. strong electrolyte 4. 89Describe three situations or conditions in which a reaction will proceed to Mcompletion. Answer: a. reactions in which a precipitate is formed b. reactions in which H2O is formed c. eactions in which a gas is formed 4. 90Define and illustrate with an example the difference between an electrolyte and Mnonelectrolyte. Answer: (answers will vary) An electrolyte is a substance that will dissolve in water and break up into ions so the solution can conduct electricity. An example is Sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not break up into ions when dissolved in water and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. An example is sugar. 4. 91Define precipitate and illustrate with an example. E Answer: A precipitate is an insoluble solid that separates from a solution.CoCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CoCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) CoCO3 would be the precipitate in this reaction. 4. 92What are three characteristics of a base? E Answer: a. Bases taste bitter. b. Bases feel slippery. c. Bases change change red litmus paper to blue. 4. 93What are three characteristics of an acid? E Answer: a. Acids taste sour. b. Acids change blue litmus paper to red. c. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas . 4. 94What kind of bonding is found in all salts? E Answer: ionic 4. 95Give an example of a monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, and triprotic acid. E Answer: (answers will vary) HNO3 , H2CO3 , H3PO4 . 96Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. Aqueous iron (III) sulfate is E added to aqueous sodium sulfide to produce iron (III) sulfid e solid and aqueous sodium sulfate. Answer: 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2 – (aq) > Fe2S3 (s) 4. 97What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M Cs2Cr2O7 Answer: Cs1+, Cr6+, O2 – 4. 98Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 4Al + 3O2 > 2Al2O3 Answer: Al is oxidized;O2 is reduced; Al is the reducing agent; O2 is the oxidizing agent . 99Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 2KBr + F2 ? > Br2 + 2KF Answer: Br – is oxidized, F2 is reduced, KBr is the reducing agent, F2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 100What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M BaNaPO4 Answer: Ba, +2; Na, +1; P, +5; O, -2 4. 101What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M K2TaF7 Answer: K, +1; Ta, +5; F, -1 4. 10 2Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium. M ThO2 + 2Ca > Th + 2CaOWhat substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Th4+ is reduced, Ca is the reducing agent, Ca is oxidized, ThO4 is the oxidizing agent 4. 103Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction. M Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 > 2PbSO4 + 2H2O What substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Pb4+ is reduced, Pb is the reducing agent, Pb is oxidized, PbO2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 104Describe the procedure used to make 3. 0 liters of a 2. M KCl solution, starting Hwith solid KCl. Answer: a. Determine the molar mass of KCl, which is 74. 55 g/mol. b. Weigh out 447. 3 g of KCl and dissolve to form exactly 3 liters of solution. 4. 105What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5. 0 moles of solute in 2. 00 liters of Esolution? Answer: 2. 5 M 4. 106The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130. 5 g per liter at 0 °C. How many moles of Hdissolved salt are present in 4. 0 L of a saturated solution of a Ba(NO3)2 containing 130. 5 g/L at 0 °C? Answer: 2. 0 mol 4. 107What is the molar concentration of ions in a solution prepared by mixing M100 mL of 2. 0M KCl with 50 mL of a 1. M CaCl2 solution? Answer: 4. 2 M 4. 108What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15. 0 M) is required to make 100 mL of a M3. 0 M nitric acid solution? Answer: 20 mL 4. 109During a titration the following data were collected. A 10 mL portion of an Munknown solution was titrated with 1. 0 M NaOH. It required 40 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b) How many moles of acid are present in 2. 0 liters of this unknown solution? Answer: a. 4 M b. 8 mol 4. 110If 145 g of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1500 mL of solution, Mwhat would be the molarity of the resulting solution?Answer: . 956 M 4. 111During a ti tration the following data were collected. A 50 mL portion of an HCl Msolution was titrated with 0. 50 M NaOH. It required 200 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. How many grams of acid are present in 500 mL of this acid solution? Answer: The acid is 2 M. 36. 5 g of HCl 4. 112Identify the Bronsted/Lowry acid in the following reaction. M NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH- Answer: H2O 4. 113Identify each of the following as either good or poor conductors of electricity. M a. CaSO4 b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 c. glacial acetic acid d. gasoline (C8H18)Answer: a. good b. good c. poor d. poor 4. 114What is the substance acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction. M HSO4- + NH4+ > H2SO4 + NH3 Answer: NH4+ 4. 115The water solution found in cells and in blood makes up approximately 80% of the mass of the human body. This solution has a concentration of 0. 21 M NaCl and has a density of 1 g/mL. How many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult? Answer: 1. 77 lbs (802. 5 g) TRUE-FALSE QUESTION S 4. 116We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of definite proportions. M Answer: F 4. 17From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules M would react with one hundred H2O molecules. P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) > 4H3PO4(aq) Answer: F 4. 118The following equation is balanced. M Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(g) Answer: T 4. 119Sugar dissolves in water, therefore it is a strong electrolyte. E Answer: F 4. 120Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water; therefore, it is a Eweak electrolyte. Answer: F 4. 121Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except Ethose of Ag+, Hg, and Pb2+.Answer: T 4. 122The following reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction. E H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: F 4. 123The oxidation number of N in NO is +7. E Answer: F 4. 124Hydrogen is oxidized in the following reaction. M H2 + Cl2 > 2HCl Answer: T 4. 125The following equation is an exam ple of a net ionic equation. M Na+ + Br- + Ag+ + NO3- > AgBr(s) + Na+ + NO3- Answer: F 4. 126The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction. M 2MnO4- + I – + H2O > 2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH- Answer: T Review Chemistry Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 4. 1Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. O2 C. H2SO4 D. C6H12O6 (glucose) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 2Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte? E A. H2O B. N2 C. KOH D. C2H6O (ethanol) E. CH3COOH (acetic acid) Answer: C 4. 3Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. CH3COOH (acetic acid) C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. O2 E. NaCl Answer: B 4. 4Which of the following compounds is a weak electrolyte? E A. HCl B. NH3 C. C6H12O6 (glucose) D. N2 E. KClAnswer: B 4. 5Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaF B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. NaOH E. C6H12O6 (glucose) Answer: E 4. 6Which of the following compounds is a nonelectrolyte? E A. NaOH B. HNO3 C. CH3COOH (acetic acid) D. KF E. C2H6O (ethanol) Answer: E 4. 7Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of NaNO3. M A. Na2+, NO3 – B. Na+, N3 â€⠀œ , O3 C. Na+, N3 -, O32 – D. Na+, N+, O2 – E. Na+, NO3 – Answer: E 4. 8Identify the major ionic species present in an aqueous solution of Ca(OH)2. E A. Ca2+, H+, O2 – B. Ca2+, OH2- C. Ca+, H-, O2 – D.Ca2+, O2H22 – E. Ca2+, OH – Answer: E 4. 9The distinguishing characteristic of all electrolyte solutions is that they: E A. contain molecules B. conduct electricity C. react with other solutions D. always contain acids E. conduct heat Answer: B 4. 10According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. NaCl B. MgBr2 C. FeCl2 D. AgBr E. ZnCl2 Answer: D 4. 11According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. Na2SO4 B. BaSO4 C. CuSO4 D. MgSO4 E. Rb2SO4 Answer: B 4. 2According to the solubility rules, which one of the following compounds is insoluble Ein water? A. CaCO3 B. (NH4)2CO3 C. Na2CO3 D. K2CO3 E. KNO3 Answer: A 4. 13According to the solubili ty rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. Hg2Cl2 B. Na2S C. Ag2CO3 D. Ag2S E. BaSO4 Answer: B 4. 14According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. AgBr B. AgCl C. Ag2CO3 D. AgNO3 E. Ag2S Answer: D 4. 15According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. (NH4)3PO4 B. Ca3(PO4)2 C. AlPO4 D.Ag3PO4 E. Mg3(PO4)2 Answer: A 4. 16According to the solubility rules, which one of the following is soluble in water? E A. CaSO4 B. BaSO4 C. PbSO4 D. K2SO4 Answer: D 4. 17In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions containing about 0. 1 g of Pb(NO3)2(aq) and KI(aq) /100 mL are mixed? A. KNO3 will precipitate; Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions. B. No precipitate will form. C. Pb(NO3)2 will precipitate; K+ and I- will be spectator ions. D. PbI2 will precipitate; K+ and NO3- will be spectator ions. E. Pb2+ and I- will be spectator ions, and PbI2 will precipitat e. Read this Practice Test Chem 105Answer: D 4. 18In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of CuSO4(aq) and BaCl2(aq) are mixed? A. CuCl2 will precipitate; Ba2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. CuSO4 will precipitate; Ba2+ and Cl – will be spectator ions. C. BaSO4 will precipitate; Cu2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. BaCl2 will precipitate; Cu2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: C 4. 19In accordance with the solubility rules, which of the following will occur when Msolutions of ZnSO4(aq) and MgCl2(aq) are mixed? A.ZnCl2 will precipitate; Mg2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. B. ZnSO4 will precipitate; Mg2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. C. MgSO4 will precipitate; Zn2+ and Cl- will be spectator ions. D. MgCl2 will precipitate; Zn2+ and SO42 – will be spectator ions. E. No precipitate will form. Answer: E 4. 20Which of the following is the correct net ioni c equation for the reaction that occurs M when solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and NH4Cl are mixed? A. Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NH4Cl(aq) > NH4NO3(aq) + PbCl2(s) B. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > PbCl2(s) C. Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2NH4+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) > 2NH4+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + PbCl2(s) D.NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq) > 2NH4NO3 Answer: B 4. 21The common constituent in all acid solutions is: M A. H2 B. H+ C. OH- D. H2SO4 E. Cl- Answer: B 4. 22Identify the ions present in an aqueous solution of LiOH. E A. Li2+, O- , H- B. Li+, OH- C. LiO-, H+ D. Li+, O2 – , H+ E. Li – , OH+ Answer: B 4. 23Identify the major ions present in an aqueous solution of HNO3. E A. HN+, O2 – B. OH- , NO3- C. OH- , NO+ D. H+, N3-, O2 – E. H+, NO3- Answer: E 4. 24What choice gives the correct formula of the salt formed in the neutralization Ereaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide? A. CaO B.CaCl2 C. CaH2 D. CaCl E. CaClH Answer: B 4. 25What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of Ehydr obromic acid with Mg(OH)2? A. MgBr B. Mg2Br3 C. Mg3Br2 D. Mg2Br E. MgBr2 Answer: E 4. 26What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of nitric acid M with Ca(OH)2? A. CaNO3 B. Ca2(NO3)3 C. Ca3(NO3)2 D. Ca2NO3 E. Ca(NO3)2 Answer: E 4. 27What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of sodium Mhydroxide with sulfuric acid? A. NaSO3 B. Na2(SO4)3 C. Na(SO4)2 D. Na2SO4 E. Na3SO4 Answer: D 4. 8What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by neutralization of potassium M hydroxide (KOH) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4)? A. KSO3 B. K2(SO4)3 C. K2SO4 D. K(SO4)2 E. KSO4 Answer: C 4. 29The oxidation number of N in NaNO3 is: M A. +6 B. +5 C. +3 D. – 3 E. none of these Answer: B 4. 30The oxidation number of S in K2SO4 is: M A. +6 B. +4 C. +2 D. – 1 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 31The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is: M A. +8 B. +7 C. +5 D. – 7 E. – 8 Answer: B 4. 32The oxidation number of Fe in K3Fe(CN)6 is: H A. +3 B. +2 C. +1 D. – 3 E. – 4 Answer: A 4. 3The oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72 – is: H A. – 12 B. – 7 C. – 2 D. +6 E. +7 Answer: D 4. 34The oxidation number of Cl in ClO3- is: H A. – 1 B. +7 C. +5 D. +3 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 35The oxidation number of Cl in ClO4- is: H A. – 1 B. +1 C. +3 D. +5 E. none of these Answer: E 4. 36The maximum oxidation number of nitrogen is: H A. +8 B. +5 C. +3 D. +1 E. – 3 Answer: B 4. 37The highest possible oxidation number of carbon is: M A. +8 B. +6 C. +4 D. +2 E. – 4 Answer: C 4. 38Select the compound below in which sulfur has its highest possible oxidation number.H A. H2S B. SO2 C. Na2SO4 D. H2SO3 E. SCl2 Answer: C 4. 39The oxidation number of N in N2H4 is: M A. +4 B. – 4 C. +2 D. – 2 E. 0 Answer: D 4. 40Which choice below gives the oxidation numbers for all three elements in Rb2SO3 Mcorrectly, and in the order shown in the formula? A. – 2, +6, – 2 B. â €“ 1, +4, – 3 C. +2, +4, – 2 D. +1, +4, – 2 E. +1, +6, – 6 Answer: D 4. 41Which one of the following is a redox reaction? M A. H+(aq) + OH – (aq) > H2O(l) B. 2KBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) > 2KNO3(aq) + PbBr2(s) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) E. CO32 – + HSO4- > HCO3- + SO42 – Answer: D 4. 42Which of the following reactions does not represent an oxidation- Mreduction reaction? A. 3Al + 6HCl > 3H2 + AlCl3 B. 2H2O > 2H2 + O2 C. 2NaCl + Pb(NO3)2 > PbCl2 + 3NaNO3 D. 2NaI + Br2 > 2NaBr + I2 Answer: C 4. 43In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5H2O2 + 2MnO4- + 6H+ > 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2 A. H2O2 B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. O2 Answer: B 4. 44In the following reaction the oxidizing agent is: H 5S + 6KNO3 + 2CaCO3 > 3K2SO4 + 2CaSO4 + CO2 + 3N2 A. S B. N2 C. KNO3 D. CaSO4 E. CaCO3Answer: C 4. 45Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: H 2MnO4- + 5H2SO3 > 2Mn2+ + 5SO42 – + 4H+ + 3H2O A. MnO4- B. H2SO3 C. Mn2+ D. SO42 – E. H+ Answer: A 4. 46Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction: H 5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) > 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) A. Fe2+ B. MnO4- C. H+ D. Mn2+ E. Fe3+ Answer: A 4. 47Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction. M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. NiO2 C. H2O D. Cd(OH)2 E. Ni(OH)2 Answer: A 4. 48What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M 3Cu + 8HNO3 ? Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O A. Cu B. H C. N D. O E. H2O Answer: A 4. 49What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M Cd + NiO2 + 2H2O > Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2 A. Cd B. Ni C. O D. H Answer: A 4. 50What element is oxidized in the following reaction? M H2SO4 + Cd(OH)2 > 2H2O + CdSO4 A. H B. S C. O D. Cd E. none of these Answer: E 4. 51What element is reduced in the following reaction? M Cu + 2H2SO4 > CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O A. Cu B. H C. S D. O E. H2O Answer: C 4. 52Predict the products of the following displacemen t reaction. M Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) > A. CuS(s) + Fe2SO4(aq)B. Fe(s) + Cu(s) + SO4(aq) C. Cu(s) + FeSO4(aq) D. FeCuSO4 E. FeO(s) + CuSO3(aq) Answer: C 4. 53Complete and balance the following half-reaction. M ClO- + e- > Cl- (basic solution) The balanced half-reaction will show which of the following: A. two hydroxide ions on the right side B. one electron on the left side C. six H+ ions on the right side D. six H+ ions on the left side E. two water molecules on the left side Answer: A 4. 54Complete and balance the following redox equation. When balanced with Mwhole number coefficients, the coefficient of S is: H2S + HNO3 > S + NO (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. E. 6 Answer: C 4. 55When balanced, what is the coefficient of Sn in the equation? M Sn + HNO3 > SnO2 + NO2 + H2O (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5 Answer: A 4. 56Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2O M when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole number coefficient s? MnO4- + SO32 – > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 8 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 57Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of H2S Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers?H2S + MnO4- > Mn2+ + SO42 – (acidic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 58Complete and balance the following redox equation. What is the coefficient of H2O Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of these Answer: A 4. 59Complete and balance the following redox reaction. What is the coefficient of OH- Mwhen the equation is balanced with the set of smallest whole numbers? MnO4- + I – > MnO2 + IO3- (basic solution) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10 E. none of theseAnswer: B 4. 60Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole- Mnumber coefficients. Now sum the coefficients of all species in the balanced equation. Remember the coefficients equal to one. The sum of the coefficients is: BrO3- (aq) + Sb3+(aq) > Br – (aq) + Sb5+(aq) (acidic solution) A. 4 B. 12 C. 13 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 61Complete and balance the following redox reaction with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients. M When correctly balanced the sum of all the coefficients in the equation will be: (Recall, the absence of a coefficient is understood to be a 1)PbO2(s) + Cl- > Pb2+ + Cl2(g) (acidic solution) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 9 E. 11 Answer: E 4. 62Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole Mnumber coefficients possible. What is the sum of the coefficients? (Remember the coefficients equal to one. ) HI + HNO3 > I2 + NO (acidic solution) A. 5 B. 7 C. 14 D. 17 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 63Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is t he sum of the coefficients? MnO4- + Br – > Mn2+ + Br2 (acidic solution) A. 6 B. 17 C. 1 D. 29 E. 43 Answer: E Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Bi(OH)3 + SnO2 2 – > Bi + SnO32 – (basic solution) A. 32 B. 25 C. 16 D. 13 E. none of these Answer: D 4. 65Complete and balance the following redox equation with the smallest set of whole-number coefficients Mpossible. What is the sum of the coefficients? Br2 > BrO3- + Br- (basic solution) A. 9 B. 12 C. 18 D. 21 E. none of these Answer: C 4. 66Which of the following is a displacement reaction? E A. NaN3(s) > 2Na(s) + 3N2(g) B. Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) > 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) C. 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) > 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) D. 2P(s) + 3Cl2(g) > 2PCl3(g) E. 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) > 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g) Answer: B 4. 67Which of the following is a halogen displacement reaction? E A. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) B. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) > 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) C. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) D. 2KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) E. 2LiOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > Li2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) Answer: A 4. 68Which of the following is a precipitation reaction? M A. 2H2(g) + O2(g) > 2H2O(l) B. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) C. KNO3(s) > 2KNO2(s) + O2(g) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) Answer: B 4. 69Which of the following is an acid-base neutralization reaction? E A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) > Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) B. SO2(g) + H2O(l) > H2SO3(g) C. LiOH(aq) + HNO3(aq) > LiNO3(aq) + H2O(l) D. 2KBr(aq) + Cl2(g) > 2KCl(aq) + Br2(l) E. CaBr2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: C 4. 7025. 0 mL of a 0. 175 M solution of KOH is diluted with pure water to a final Mvolume of 750. 0 mL. What is the final molarity of the KOH solution? 0. 00583 M 0. 0163 M 0. 0333 M 0. 229 MAnswer: A 4. 71Consider the solution reaction AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 > 3AgCl + Al(NO3)3. M What volume of 0. 100 M AlCl3 will exactly react with 55. 0 mL of 0. 162 M AgNO3? 89. 1 mL 9. 90 mL 46. 2 mL 29. 7 mL Answer: D 4. 72What is the molarity of a solution in which 26. 0 grams of BaCl2 M(molar mass = 208. 2 g/mol) are dissolved in enough water to make 450. 0 mL of solution? 0. 278 M 0. 617 M 1. 00 M 3. 41 M Answer: A 4. 73If 40. 0 mL of H2SO4 solution reacts with 0. 212 g of Na2CO3, what is the Mmolarity of the H2SO4 solution? Na2CO3 + H2SO4 > Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 0. 50 M 0. 10 M 0. 20 M 0. 40 M 0. 050 M Answer: E 4. 4What volume of 0. 122 M HCl would react with 26. 2 mL of 0. 176 M NaOH? M 37. 8 mL 18. 2 mL 5. 56 mL 26. 3 mL 75. 6 mL Answer: A 4. 75 What is the oxidation number of N in NaNO3? M +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 Answer: E 4. 76In the following reaction, which species is being reduced? MFeBr3 + 3Cl2 > 2FeCl3 + 3Br2 A. the Cl in Cl2 B. the Fe in FeBr3 C. the Br in FeBr3 D. This is not a redox reaction. Answer: A 4. 77 Which is the oxidation number of arsenic in K3AsO4? M +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Answer : D 4. 78In which of the compounds below is nitrogen in the +1 oxidation state? M A. N2O4 B. HNO3 C. N2 D. N2O E. none of these Answer: D . 79 Which reaction below is NOT an oxidation-reduction reaction? M CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CaCO3(s) + 2 NaCl(aq) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O(l) > 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) 2 H2(g) + O2(g) > 2 H2O(g) Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) > Zn(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(s) Answer: A 4. 80 Identify the oxidizing agent in the following reaction: 2 Na(s) + H2(g) > 2 NaH(s) M Na(s) NaH(s) H2(g) Answer: C 4. 81Which of the following is the correct NET IONIC equation for the M neutralization of acetic acid (HAc) with Ca(OH)2? (Ac = acetate ion) 2 HAc + Ca(OH)2 > CaAc2 + 2 H2O H+ + OH – > H2O HAc + OH – > Ac – + H2O 2 H+ + Ca(OH)2 > Ca2+ + 2 H2OAnswer: C 4. 82 Which of the following is INCORRECTLY classified? (Ac = acetate ion) E HAc / weak electrolyte HCl / strong electrolyte NaCl / strong electrolyte NaOH / weak electrolyte H2O / nonelectrolyte Answer: D 4. 83Which of the follow ing compounds are INCORRECTLY classified with respect to its solubility in water? M NaBr / soluble KCrO4 / insoluble MgCl2 / soluble AgCl / insoluble PbS / insoluble Answer: B 4. 84 Which of these is a weak acid? E HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI H2S Answer: E 4. 85Solutions of BaCl2(aq), Na2SO4(aq) and KNO3(aq) are mixed together. MWhat compound is likely to precipitate from the solution?NaNO3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 KCl K2SO4 Answer: C SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 4. 86Define solution, solute and solvent. E Answer: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The substance present in a smaller amount is called the solute, while the substance present in the larger amount is called the solvent. 4. 87Identify each of the following compounds as an electrolyte or nonelectrolyte. E a. NaOH___________________ b. H2SO4___________________ c. methanol___________________ d. C12H22O11 (sucrose)___________________ e. MgCl2___________________ Answer: a. electrolyte b. electrolyte c. onelectrolyte d. nonel ectrolyte e. electrolyte 4. 88Identify each of the following compounds as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, Eor non electrolyte. a. CH3OH (methanol)____________________ b. CH3COOH____________________ c. KNO3____________________ d. NH3____________________ e. NH4Cl____________________ Answer: a. nonelectrolyte b. weak electrolyte c. strong electrolyte d. weak electrolyte e. strong electrolyte 4. 89Describe three situations or conditions in which a reaction will proceed to Mcompletion. Answer: a. reactions in which a precipitate is formed b. reactions in which H2O is formed c. eactions in which a gas is formed 4. 90Define and illustrate with an example the difference between an electrolyte and Mnonelectrolyte. Answer: (answers will vary) An electrolyte is a substance that will dissolve in water and break up into ions so the solution can conduct electricity. An example is Sodium hydrogen carbonate. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that does not break up into ions when dissolved in water and the resulting solution does not conduct electricity. An example is sugar. 4. 91Define precipitate and illustrate with an example. E Answer: A precipitate is an insoluble solid that separates from a solution.CoCl2 (aq) + Na2CO3(aq) > CoCO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) CoCO3 would be the precipitate in this reaction. 4. 92What are three characteristics of a base? E Answer: a. Bases taste bitter. b. Bases feel slippery. c. Bases change change red litmus paper to blue. 4. 93What are three characteristics of an acid? E Answer: a. Acids taste sour. b. Acids change blue litmus paper to red. c. Acids react with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas . 4. 94What kind of bonding is found in all salts? E Answer: ionic 4. 95Give an example of a monoprotic acid, diprotic acid, and triprotic acid. E Answer: (answers will vary) HNO3 , H2CO3 , H3PO4 . 96Write the net ionic equation for the following reaction. Aqueous iron (III) sulfate is E added to aqueous sodium sulfide to produce iron (III) sulfid e solid and aqueous sodium sulfate. Answer: 2Fe3+ (aq) + 3S2 – (aq) > Fe2S3 (s) 4. 97What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M Cs2Cr2O7 Answer: Cs1+, Cr6+, O2 – 4. 98Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 4Al + 3O2 > 2Al2O3 Answer: Al is oxidized;O2 is reduced; Al is the reducing agent; O2 is the oxidizing agent . 99Identify the element being oxidized, the element being reduced, the oxidizing Magent, and the reducing agent in the following reactions. 2KBr + F2 ? > Br2 + 2KF Answer: Br – is oxidized, F2 is reduced, KBr is the reducing agent, F2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 100What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M BaNaPO4 Answer: Ba, +2; Na, +1; P, +5; O, -2 4. 101What is the oxidation number for each of the elements in the following compound? M K2TaF7 Answer: K, +1; Ta, +5; F, -1 4. 10 2Thorium metal is prepared by reacting thorium oxide with calcium. M ThO2 + 2Ca > Th + 2CaOWhat substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Th4+ is reduced, Ca is the reducing agent, Ca is oxidized, ThO4 is the oxidizing agent 4. 103Batteries in our cars generate electricity by the following chemical reaction. M Pb + PbO2 + 2H2SO4 > 2PbSO4 + 2H2O What substance is reduced? What is the reducing agent? What substance is oxidized? What is the oxidizing agent? Answer: Pb4+ is reduced, Pb is the reducing agent, Pb is oxidized, PbO2 is the oxidizing agent 4. 104Describe the procedure used to make 3. 0 liters of a 2. M KCl solution, starting Hwith solid KCl. Answer: a. Determine the molar mass of KCl, which is 74. 55 g/mol. b. Weigh out 447. 3 g of KCl and dissolve to form exactly 3 liters of solution. 4. 105What is the molarity of a solution that contains 5. 0 moles of solute in 2. 00 liters of Esolution? Answer: 2. 5 M 4. 106The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 is 130. 5 g per liter at 0 °C. How many moles of Hdissolved salt are present in 4. 0 L of a saturated solution of a Ba(NO3)2 containing 130. 5 g/L at 0 °C? Answer: 2. 0 mol 4. 107What is the molar concentration of ions in a solution prepared by mixing M100 mL of 2. 0M KCl with 50 mL of a 1. M CaCl2 solution? Answer: 4. 2 M 4. 108What volume of concentrated nitric acid (15. 0 M) is required to make 100 mL of a M3. 0 M nitric acid solution? Answer: 20 mL 4. 109During a titration the following data were collected. A 10 mL portion of an Munknown solution was titrated with 1. 0 M NaOH. It required 40 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. (a) What is the molarity of the acid? (b) How many moles of acid are present in 2. 0 liters of this unknown solution? Answer: a. 4 M b. 8 mol 4. 110If 145 g of potassium nitrate were added to water to make 1500 mL of solution, Mwhat would be the molarity of the resulting solution?Answer: . 956 M 4. 111During a ti tration the following data were collected. A 50 mL portion of an HCl Msolution was titrated with 0. 50 M NaOH. It required 200 mL of the base to neutralize the sample. How many grams of acid are present in 500 mL of this acid solution? Answer: The acid is 2 M. 36. 5 g of HCl 4. 112Identify the Bronsted/Lowry acid in the following reaction. M NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH- Answer: H2O 4. 113Identify each of the following as either good or poor conductors of electricity. M a. CaSO4 b. Pb(C2H3O2)2 c. glacial acetic acid d. gasoline (C8H18)Answer: a. good b. good c. poor d. poor 4. 114What is the substance acting as a Bronsted-Lowry acid in the following reaction. M HSO4- + NH4+ > H2SO4 + NH3 Answer: NH4+ 4. 115The water solution found in cells and in blood makes up approximately 80% of the mass of the human body. This solution has a concentration of 0. 21 M NaCl and has a density of 1 g/mL. How many pounds of salt are present in an 180 lb adult? Answer: 1. 77 lbs (802. 5 g) TRUE-FALSE QUESTION S 4. 116We balance chemical equations because they obey the law of definite proportions. M Answer: F 4. 17From the following equation, we can deduce that six hundred P4O10 molecules M would react with one hundred H2O molecules. P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) > 4H3PO4(aq) Answer: F 4. 118The following equation is balanced. M Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HNO3(g) Answer: T 4. 119Sugar dissolves in water, therefore it is a strong electrolyte. E Answer: F 4. 120Silver chloride (AgCl) has an extremely low solubility in water; therefore, it is a Eweak electrolyte. Answer: F 4. 121Most compounds containing chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except Ethose of Ag+, Hg, and Pb2+.Answer: T 4. 122The following reaction is an acid-base neutralization reaction. E H2SO4(aq) + CaBr2(aq) > CaSO4(s) + 2HBr(g) Answer: F 4. 123The oxidation number of N in NO is +7. E Answer: F 4. 124Hydrogen is oxidized in the following reaction. M H2 + Cl2 > 2HCl Answer: T 4. 125The following equation is an exam ple of a net ionic equation. M Na+ + Br- + Ag+ + NO3- > AgBr(s) + Na+ + NO3- Answer: F 4. 126The oxidation number of iodine increases by 6 in the following reaction. M 2MnO4- + I – + H2O > 2MnO2 + IO3- + 2OH- Answer: T